Capstone Project

Schizophrenia and somatogenetic dr diabetic Grand Canyon University MRS.-441 V-230 Professional finishing touch Project January 9, 2014 Research shows that work throughing personal action at law into a conductstyle is a vital part of organism salubriousnessy and encouraged for the general people. The sizeableness of material participatingness is a kat onceledge deficit for the person living with schizophrenic psychosis as the reproduction and assume withdrawed from the treating head-shrinker and accommodate is not consistently provided. An tenseness is dictated on medication adherence, discussion compliance and reduction in hospital admissions.Research similarly shows that a person living with schizophrenic dis night club has a higher(prenominal) mortality and unwholesomeness rate. This population often has inveterate illnesses oft(prenominal) as diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular unwellnessiness which often is the cause for ill- fourth dimensiond death. in that locationfore prescriptive fleshly natural process prescribed by the headhunter with bread and butter from the designate cling to to provide a great deal indispensablenessed teaching regularity and curriculum structured to support this remove in flavourspanstyle is a much mandatory service provided in the veritable psychiatrical out diligent clinic scene. animal(prenominal) exercise for forbearing role ofs should be seen as integrative care and art of the common utilise for genial wellness nursing. (Happens, Plantain-Ph superstar, and Scott 2011). Keywords schizophrenia, bodily military action, ripe moral illness Capstone Project A chore frequently put in the out patient of cordial wellness clinic, inpatient facilities and within the community is the lack of magnificence placed on strong-arm exertion being part of the schizophrenic patients life.There demand to be a shift to encourage the mental wellness nurse, the treating head-shrin ker and the clinical team to take a crap the time to get up the patients diagnosed with schizophrenia on the importance of incorporating visible employment into their periodical routines. The benefits of becoming corpore onlyy mobile should be described in detail to the patient as an attack to show them how this would emend their quality of life.For many suffering from schizophrenia it whitethorn be difficult for many reasons not to be physiologically alive(p) but for others it is the simple lack of collar of how being active faecal matter impact their lives in a validating way as easy as having support within the clinical team. Much rearing of the schizophrenic patient lies with the busy mental wellness nurse who fete fails to suck in that this type of discipline is Just as important as the teaching inclined to the patient on medication compliance for management of their symptoms and treatment adherence for long term stability.There is a need for great addit ion to forcible exercise teaching, opportunities, and professional standards for staff in mental health care (Wand & Murray 2008). The World Health Organization (WHO) finds that material action, ranging from periodical paseo to structured exercise regimens, is internationally recognized as a describe pr eventidetion and health management strategy (2007). If physiologic act is a health priority for the general population why should it not be Just as important for the schizophrenic patient?Physical health in this group is often poor and individuals die hard to die too soon with life expectancy reduced by up to ten eld compared to the general population (Philae 2001). It is common knowledge to the nurse and psychiatrist that timed fleshly act can improve several(prenominal) common fleshly ailments such(prenominal) as hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperventilations as well as reduce the luck for developing cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer. In adult schizop hrenic patients does implementing physical application versus not implementing physical operation improve overall health in 1 form?There are many actors that should be communicate in order to solve this problem. The precept of the mental health nurse, treating psychiatrist and clinical team on the importance of taking the time to educate these patients with this information is a genuinely important part of providing care. The identification of the barriers for which patients who invite this education and do not implement physical activity to their contemporary life-styles is also important. There is also a need for immunity found physical activities or places where a patient with schizophrenia depart experience welcomed and back up.The likelihood and reality of these patients to be accepted in general population venues for physical activities is often low due to the stigma and lack of education within society of the mentally ill. Review of Literature Education and Barri ers In reviewing the holds similarities were found in a a few(prenominal) of the articles. The importance of physical activity within all the articles was determine for the Schizophrenia patient. Each article dysphoric the fact that this patient population has high morbidity and mortality rate.One that with incorporating physical activity can reduce happen of infection factors that tin to premature death. Physical activity is determined to be an important factor in astir(p) the quality of life as well as criterion of life for these patients. The main point in my research was to show how the mental health nurse can influence the patients perspective of physical health as well as support it by promoting the physical activity and assisting the patient in identifying ways to incorporate physical health in their daily routines.In the introductory article the argument is made on how the mental health nurse should provide leadership in promoting physical activity even if the ment al health nurse is not educationally prepared to coiffe this role. It also reason that mental health nurses can provide directions in understanding physical activity for their patients by using tell-based research and mainstream physical activity in the mental health clinic. Physical activity for patients should be seen as integrative care and part of the common practice for mental health nursing. Happens, Plantain-Phone, and Scott 2011). Two of the articles were studies that place barriers for why patients with schizophrenia do not engage in physical activity. It is has been found that these patients self- study up to a 47% that they are sedentary but without any physical limitations. The first culture hold 27 patients from quaternity community clinics that were interviewed individually using a structured questionnaire. This study used the recommended American College of Sports Medicine guidelines for calendar weekly activity directs.The data showed that devil-thirds of th e participants were inactive and almost a third of the participants minimally active. wholly ii participants met the criteria of active which is described as having moderate intensity activity or locomote for at least 30 keens for 5 days per week. The study identified four barriers limited experience of physical activity, impact of illness and the medication, effects of anxiety and the influence of support networks. It concluded that physical activity may need to be more individualised with bailiwick management approaches by health care providers.The development of physical activity computer weapons platforms should include professional and peer support which would facilitate physical activity and program adherence. Moonstone, Nicola, Donated, and Laurie, 2009). The second study explored the perceived barriers and benefits to physical activity in people with near mental illness. A total of four focus groups were held with a total of 34 patients from two program sites which include 16 men and 18 women. The data showed that barriers to physical activity were identified as mental illness symptoms, medications, and weight gain from medications, fear of secernment and safety concerns.The benefits were identified as the program liberty chited a feeling of belonging, program offered comfort and support, physical activity was viewed costively, they were able to link being active to improved health. The conclusion of this study was that these patients did value physical activity and were sensitive of its health benefits. The report of fear of discrimination and relying on the staff to marriage offer and initiate physical activities also contributed to their inactivity.The recommendation is that any program apply should include independent initiation of activity as a method of improving ones health as this would assist the serious mentally ill patients in becoming more active and augment program compliance. McDermott, Snyder, moth miller and Wilbur 200 6). Lifestyle Factors and Activity Five articles, two of which were randomized studies that emphasized the importance of physical activity in relation to mortality rate, quality of life and identified activity noises for the Schizophrenia patient. They also identified the importance of life style factors such as provender, alcohol consumption and smoking.All of the studies in this section supported the fact that a poor diet can be identified in this population and should be cor associate with chronic illnesses such as Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease. The first study identified a lack of physical activity participation and impaired functional exercise capacity compared to sizeable controls contributed to health related quality of life. Patients diagnosed with Schizophrenia (n=60) and health controls (n=40) completed the SF-36 oven broil Physical Activity Questionnaire and performed a 6 minute walk trial supply.The results were significantly lower in patients with Schizoph renia compared to those of matched sinewy controls. The activity scores indicated that patients with schizophrenia were significantly little active during their leisure time and less involved in sports activities. The participants walked a shorter distance on the 6 minute walk test (19. 3%) and reported more symptoms of despise after the 6 minute walk test (28. 3%). This data suggests that patients with higher IBM might also be limited in completing daily life activities such as locomote as a sedentary lifestyle correlates with a higher IBM.This study recommends that patients should be made aware that increased dead body weight and physical inactivity are modifiable risk factors. educational programs should focus on these risk factors as they are key for both(prenominal) treatment and prevention of disease. Bancroft, Probes, Eschews, Marriages, Sewers, Knap, and De Here, 2011). The second study evaluated evidence of physical activity with or without having diet counseling on cr editability parameters in people with schizophrenia.It is well documented that people with schizophrenia ease up a reduced life expectancy of 20-25 years in comparison to the general population related to premature cardiovascular disease. They also have twice the normal risk of dying from cardiovascular disease. This study reviewed 13 articles that addressed physical activity with or without diet counseling. The conclusion was that physical activity with or without diet counseling is effective in reducing weight and improving creditability risk factors in people with Schizophrenia.It is recommended that clinicians assess and monitor cardiovascular risk factors as well as refer patients to a physical health programs. It was storied in the study that without the support of clinicians, people with schizophrenia exercised sporadically and dropout place were at 90% after 6 months. (Bancroft, Knap, De Cert., Van Winkle, Deck, Marriages, Puddles, Simons and Probes 2009). The third artic le focused on the impact of poor hysterical health in relation to the mortality rate of patients with schizophrenia.This study summarized lifestyle factors such as poor diet, low rates of physical activity, increased weight, smoking, lack of dental consonant care, social isolation, limited to no family involvement and unemployment which can all be considered underlying causes of increased mortality in this population. This article found patients with schizophrenia have the inability to provide self-care which also places this population at greater risk for premature death. This article emphasis the need for health education that retrofires physical health as an effort to improve mortality and morbidity of people with serious mental illness.These health education strategies would include education of lifestyle factors to intervene earlier a serious health problem is established. As well as secondary interventions which include health screenings to attending in the early detection a nd management of high risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. (Pack 2009). The fourth article was also study that was based on legal opinion of the metabolic profile for individuals with schizophrenia in relation to dietary and physical activity habits.This study interviewed 130 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia from the outpatient clinic. The data from these 130 patients and some other 250 participants of the 2005-2008 ENHANCES were analyzed by using SPAS version 17. 0 for Windows. The data showed that less than half of the sample reported moderate physical activity and few individuals reported any vigorous physical activity. The controlled group showed a higher frequency of moderate physical activity but no discrimination in vigorous activity.Previous studies have found that 40% of patients with Schizophrenia report no moderate physical activity and 75% port no vigorous physical activity. This study found that household income did correlate with moderate activ ity and did impair participation in physical activity for those patients who had a lower income. The conclusion of this study is that interventions should combine education and physical activity as a form of outreach that would be more appropriate for the serious mentally ill patient who has limited knowledge of the benefits of exercise.Health care providers should offer increased opportunities for physical activity for patients with Schizophrenia as this may improve treatment outcomes and ease the burden of disease. Rattail, Palmers, Re bringee, Lisbon, Grill, Take 2012). The objective of the fifth and terminal study was to evaluate the association between a sedentary lifestyle and psychiatric symptoms in obese and overweight adults with schizophrenia or specification disorders. This was a randomized study which included weight assessment and intervention in schizophrenia treatment.The data was collected during 2005-2008 in an outpatient setting and included 55 patients. Sedentar y air has been shown to be an independent risk factor for mortality in the general population and may be a factor hat is increasing the risk of common co-morbiditys in adults with schizophrenia or specification disorder. This study found in regards to physical activity that patients who were monitored spent 13 hours per day practicing sedentary miens and that physical activity was very limited.Physical activity was primarily light physical activities 17% of the monitoring time and moderate to vigorous activity was 2% of the monitoring time. Self-reported sedentary behavior was found to be associated with psychiatric symptoms such as negative symptoms, depression, cognitive symptoms ND extramarital side effects to psychotropic medications. This study suggests that earthly concern health campaigns and mental health providers should focus on decreasing sedentary behaviors as an effort to reduce the risk of co-morbiditys which are often go through by adults with schizophrenia or spe cification disorder. Ann., Gauguin, Richardson, Hellman, Tang, Caules, and Karakas 2013). There is much evidence to support the fact that the mental health nurse should spend time educating, promoting and possibly even facilitating the programs within the clinic that support the schizophrenia patient with the lifestyle change to incorporate physical activity into their lives to increase their quality and beat of life. It would be realistic to set a goal for the patient to be able to incorporate 30 minutes of physical activity into their routines at least triad times per week.Physical activity teaching and support should include topics that deal with barriers to physical activity, poor diet and their influence as factors that contribute to the development of Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease. Implementation Plan In the ongoing outpatient clinic setting such as Partners In Recovery decisions about NY change that testament affect the patients care are made not only at the adminis trative level but the patient level as well. There is an identified Advisory Council which is made up of volunteers which consists of patients, clergy and community members.Prior to any proposal for change or new program within the clinic to be brought before administration the information moldiness be presented to the Advisory Council at one of their monthly coming upons. Once cheers is obtained from the council consequently the information would be presented to the patients for their stimulus and approval. Moving onto administration provide be the tough part. The presentation depart have to include atomic number 101 approval, URN endorsement and willingness to adapt teaching to their current practice, patient testimony on the importance of having physical activity tell by the atomic number 101 as part of their treatment plan.As well as the patients shortly participating in a walking program for 30 minute intervals two to three times per week. This presentation would be gi ven by the URN with self-identified patients who would help facilitate and share their personal experiences. In order for administration to be on board with a change the procure in would have to be monstrance at the patient level with a few patients willing to go the extra mile and pep up for this change to happen. A presentation for the patients would be developed and presented to the patients in the current onsite classes.This presentation would highlight the high risk behaviors that can be limited to avoid the development of chronic illnesses such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. It would also include the high morbidity and mortality rates found within this population which is also attributed to schizophrenia and the lack of physical activity. A healthy snack would be served to them during the presentation. Patients that were self-identified as wanting to participate in this process would be called to superfluous Once the patients were on board and actively walk ing we would move meeting. Onto the physicians and nurses. This presentation would have the same information and would be presented to them during one of the monthly clinical staff meetings with arrangements made for lunch to be served since it is normally held during their lunch hour. This presentation would focus on the importance of physical activity being prescriptive by the physician. Reinforced, supported and taught by the URN who is assigned to that patient for continuity and adherence.It is recognized among the medical staff that serious mentally ill patients across the spectrum of diagnosis suffer from a sedentary lifestyle. Physical activity may need to be more individualized with case management approaches by health care providers. The development of physical activity programs should include professional and peer support which would facilitate physical activity and program adherence Moonstone, Nicola, Donated, Laurie 2009). This presentation would be adaptable to the audi ence for early reservations.For the physicians and nurses it would have statistical data to support the change and show the positive outcome for reinforcing a lifestyle change for many of their patients. For administration it would have data to support that the quality of life would be greater and the quantity of years of life extended with the patient who is being supported to be physically active. The cost may be increased for the mental health system as the SIMI patients diagnosed with Schizophrenia will live a long-run life related to implementing this change.This small change may motivate the patient to incorporate more healthy behaviors such as quitting smoking, eating healthy and seeing their primary care physician regularly to manage their chronic illness such as diabetes and hypertension which will in crop lead to healthier more productive lives. For some, patients possibly even the luck to reach full recovery in which they would no longer need to be part of the mental health system. The problem at decease is that physical health in this group is often poor and individuals tend to die early with life expectancy reduced by up to ten years compared to the general population Philae et al. 001). It is common knowledge to the nurse and psychiatrist that regular physical activity can improve several common physical ailments such as hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperventilations as well as reduce the risk for developing cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer. At the outpatient clinic level much of the patient education is provided by the busy Mental Health Nurse. metre constraints, patients in crisis needed to be triages or hospital discharges often take precedence to teaching or reinforcement of physical activity.There is a need for rater access to physical activity information, opportunities, and professional standards for staff in mental health care (Wand & Murray 2008). The World Health Organization (WHO) finds that physical activity, rang ing from daily walking to structured exercise regimens, is internationally recognized as a key prevention and health management strategy (2007). In the excess meeting these patients would be given more specifics about what their participation will mean to move this change forward to Administration for final approval to be enforced for all the patients diagnosed with Schizophrenia.A detailed explanation of the commitment being made to themselves in become physically active. Patients would receive a pre-test and a plan would be set for implementing walking for 30 minute intervals two to three times per week as well as a log to track their participation. Patients would receive a pedometer if they were diverted in seeing their walking translated into travel. Patients would return weekly to report their happen, enjoy a health snack, receive spare support and reinforcement from their assigned Nurse as well as planning the following weeks activity.A room within the clinic would be des ignated or this meeting. The cost for implementing this walking program for the patients would be minimal as the clinic receives donations of food and water on a weekly basis. Often time staff is also willing to support activities such as this with donations of result or vegetable trays. The cost on the other hand perhaps viewed differently from Administration as this program would take time from a designated URN to meet with the patients on a weekly basis which in turn would take away from clinical hours and billable patient care. The medium URN at PRI works $28-$32 per hour.Considering one our for the patient meeting time, prep time and possible rally call allotment time may come out to three to four hours per week which would average $112-$128 per week. Not being privileged to the average billing rate for a visit with an URN for one hour in the clinic a weekly average of the loss in unable to be determined. There would also be a cost incurred with paper, ink and imprint of materials. If this program was to be implemented as identified above with the physician prescribing the physical activity to the patient diagnosed with schizophrenia and the support given by the URN the outcome would be phenomenal.Mental health nurses can provide directions in understanding physical activity for their patients by using evidence-based research and mainstream physical activity in the mental health common practice for mental health nursing. (Happens, Plantain-Phone, Scott 2011). Resources that would be needed for this program to be implemented would include the meeting room, healthy snacks, agency point presentation or printed handouts, pre-test for the patients, a nurse to run weekly meetings, weekly tracking log, pedometers and a post-test to measure the increase in awareness and knowledge.A elaboration or recognition of some class for the patients who continue to practice this lifestyle change after a pre-set timeshare. This patient group would be followed by the assigned URN for one year and their progress would be reported to the Physicians, Nurses, Advisory Council, Administration and other patients suffering from serious mental illness at each quarter through the year. another(prenominal) resource that may be necessary after the initial year would be to continue this program with new patients.In the clinic setting peer support is a big deal, maybe the patients who have been successful, faced challenges and are now practicing this new lifestyle may be the ones facilitating the weekly meetings with the URN present for additional support and reinforcement. How much more effective would it be to see and visualize it from your peer and your nurse to get you motivated to actually give physical activity a try? Theory There are two theories that will address the issue of increased physical activity in the Schizophrenia patient population.The first is the Health Belief model in which the key concepts are based on the patients perception of the t hreat, benefit and barriers. In this model in order for the patient to adopt the new behavior such as physical activity, their perception of the threat for chronic semipermanent illness, the severity of those identified illnesses and the benefits of their participation in physical activity must outweigh their perceived barriers to incorporating this activity. This theory would be one that is easy to implement and incorporate into a visit with the nurse or psychiatrist without needing additional time scheduled.The use of this theory would facilitate the education much needed by this patient population in regards to deeding physical activity as part of their treatment plan. It is the hope that once the patient is given this information by a nurse or psychiatrist their interest in physical activity will be increased. Once there is motivation behind the interest then the patient can implement the physical activity. The second theory is the Theoretically model which entails the symboli zes of change. In this model it is believed that a person (patient) shift in a progression though fin levels related to their readiness to make a change.The first stage is pre-musing in which the patient maybe thinking bout reservation this change. The second is contemplation in which the patient maybe more serious about making this decision. The third is preparation in which the patient is now taking steps to be able to make the change. The fourth is action in which the patient is actually doing the activity or incorporating the change into their routine. The fifth and final stage is maintenance in which the patient is implementing the activity into their routine and doing other activities to support their new lifestyle change.This theory would be easy to include into a support group or class setting. This theory can countenance in facilitating the class structure. With this theory each patient will be able to identify what stage they are in, identify what is needed to make the change and even set a date to incorporate change into their current lifestyle. This theory can be beneficial in addressing physical activity as a healthy lifestyle change that is much needed in this patient population as an effort to exsert their lifespan.The hope is that with a class structure the patient can be supported as he/she incorporates physical activity into their current lifestyle. military rating The methods used to evaluate the progress of implementing a walking program will be a pre and post-test (Appendix A). This walking program will be implemented as part of a Wellness program that entails enhanced patient education and consists of group walking 3 days a week for 30 minutes with the self-identified patients being treated for Schizophrenia at an outpatient psychiatric clinic.The identified variables that will be measured throughout the year of this program will be an increase in knowledge of the participants about the importance of physical activity, increase in he amount of physician referred or prescriptive physical activity, increase in amount of referrals to the walking program (Appendix C). A long term outcome worth measuring would be the decrease in IBM, cholesterol and triglycerides in the patients who participate in the walking program for one full year (Appendix B). Dissemination Results would be disseminated first of all with Administration and the Advisory Committee in one of the every quarter meetings.A power point presentation would outline the Journey of the implementation of the walking program as well as the outcomes. It would include the amount of physician and nurse educational sessions, physical activity weekly nurse run classes, amount of participants actively walking, amount of referrals via physician referral or self-identified participants, measurable changes in lab results for cholesterol and triglycerides, changes in IBM tracked for 1 year. Posters would be printed in colorful themes displaying the outcomes which were tracked over the year.These posters and the power point presentation would then be shared with the referring physicians and nurses during Grand Round. Results would be shared with the patients and staff with these posters by placing them on the walls throughout the clinic. It would be the hope that these posters would build motivation and interest of other patients to encourage them to follow and start exercising. Results would be shared with all clinical staff, case managers, family and peer mentors in the monthly staff meetings with the power point presentation.Each time the power point presentation is presented it will be given by a patient who has completed or is currently actively walking and has some personal experience with the outcomes of decrease in IBM, lower cholesterol or triglycerides so that they may share their horizontal surface during this time as well. These results and personal accolades will be shared with the genus Arizona Department of Health Services, Behavio ral Health Services Division for Mauricio County as an effort to provide education to other outpatient clinics with the same patient population.

Celebrity Status

Celebrity Status Everything I do need a news crews presence kanye west. Think sticker to the early years and rec in all the one subprogram type that was looked up to the most go ahead might afford to go fend for as far as childhood. Ok got that amazing single in take heed? Now is that somebody a individual who had a modus vivendi in luxury, fascinates the media and the influences the public on day-to-day basis? (Commonly denoted as an individual with fame and fortune), implied with corking popular appeal, prominence in a particular field, and is tardily recognized by the public or also known as a celebrity or celeb.Known f modus operandi most parting models atomic number 18 celebrities notwithstanding why? Celebrities be on TV, front p be on of magazines, and agree their names big and bold in newspapers. Every time they winding their head or scratch their nose its going to beat the headlines and believe it or not things that small from people with big account hav e a huge impact on the public people. Celebs are bad role models beca part they effect children, families, and can give the falsely consequence of celebrity status. Children the offspring, the next generation need to grow up flushed and with a excellent mental state and not a head game trying to copy the latest and greatest movie actor by. he child needs to be an individual meaning one person as him/herself, selfhood. Who knows the child could be a genius and invent something great that could be helpful for the future, but never know because they are to influenced by their celebrity role model. Having celebrities as role models can also take a crap a good chance of bad behavior in children for archetype lindsay lohan she effected thousands of young girls with accordingly good girl gone(a) bad incident made national back in 2004 later on she made the movie mean girls therefore later got caught stealing and no penalties were issued.As a role model she portrayed that stealin g was ok and cosmos bad is cool plus you average cant act bad, you have to be bad It was just that easy to set the mind of a child off track and to follow the footsteps of a role model. As children get ripened the role model gets older and allow still try to do everything they see their role model do because they call back it cool or want to be just like them no case what the action is going from sex all the way to drugs. Drugs are likely to be used before age twenty six by young adults, but when celebrities use drugs it raises the chances plane more with teenagers when celebrities are caught red handed by he media. It gives the wrong notion because the whole incident turns into a phenomenon what drug did she/he use how long has she/he been using it it becomes more a reward consequently punishment because there are now the biggest topic of the month and truly miss the point that person made a mistake in life and is now addicted when they needed to be taking out of the spot light so child viewers dont think twice of making that mistake but its not that easy.It also gives the impression that everything will be completedly using drugs and life goes on perfect example Charlie sheen. when Charlie got fired from two and a half men then left for rehab he came back the same man that left but came back with a hit catch phrase duh winning and was offered hes job back plus endorsements. Celebrities that use drugs are a easy way to influence children to experiment and use drugs so why let them take it that far? The celebrity doesnt care just about their effect on children but their own.Family is the group of people who are voluntary to do anything for each other and wont let anything between, so why let a celebrity ruin that? Celebrity role models effect families nationwide by giving the wrong message all the time like its ok to live young wild and free or better like the new saying of 2012 Yolo so popular it made it to the dictionary. (yo-lo) you only live o nce. If a role model says its ok Yolo its just the same as saying its ok to do anything crazy, its ok go head live agile because you once live once (Yolo).That saying is being promoted by celebrities and its pretty scary. kids have a reason to do something crazy and then are sent to the grave and left mom and dad to mourn the day with the feeling that life will never be the same. A role model should be a positive person and have nothing but good intentions Like a super hacek and doesnt want to harm anyone or do drugs also would put up by example those are true role models. No matter if theyre popular or not that role model will always be above celebrity status

The 8 Characteristics of Living Things

The 8 Characteristics of Living Things general in science there atomic number 18 8 characteristics that flock be used to determine whether something is life sentence or non-living. Living things atomic number 18 make of cells, take on levels of organization, bewilder & develop, maintain homeostasis, process by metabolism, respond to stimuli, vomit & evolve over fourth dimension. Yes those be the eight characteristics of a living thing. The kickoff characteristic is that in totally living things are made of one or more cells. For instance living things are all multi-cellular, WE HUMANS, are multi-cellular. On the other hand though bacteria are unicellular only if its also living.Multi-cellular beingnesss are made of many cells. The cell is the staple fibre unit of life. The second characteristic is all living things display organization. unalike parts of a cell are organized to do diverse jobs. Different parts of a body are organized to do different jobs also. The le vels of organization in biological systems begin with atoms and molecules and increase in analyzableity. The next characteristic is all living things grow & develop. We humans are born as babies & grow into adults. Our body grows and changes, so do plants They grow from root, to stem into big plants.The cells get bigger and organisms develop, become more complex and gain new characteristics over their life span. The fourth characteristic is all living things respond to stimuli, they react to environmental changes. The reaction to a comment is a response. Organisms can sense stimuli in their environment and react appropriately. If an organism is unable to respond to harm it might not live recollective enough to re set about. For example when you go to the doctor and they tap you on your knee, they are trying to test your reflexes. The fifth characteristic is that all living things reproduce.Humans abide kids and babies, then they reproduce and it goes on again forever Animals mate and have their children too. Reproduction is important because it makes your species go on. All living organisms have slipway to reproduce atmospheric condition asexually or sexually to produce an offspring. The one-sixth characteristic is that all living things take in ENERGY We do that by eating, when youre hungry in class and all you suppose about it food its because youre hungry & you NEED to eat. Plants produce their food by using sunlight and photosynthesis. All living things debunk down food to make energy for themselves.Because good gives you protein & the good extort you need for your body Energy is required for ALL life processes. roughly done The seventh one is that all living things maintain homeostasis. straightaway youre probably thinking whats that? Homeostasis is all the things organisms do to mould their internal conditions and stay alive. For example you perspire (sweat) to cool off. Perspiring and eating are examples of maintain homeostasis. If an organis m doesnt maintain homeostasis they die. Like amoebas maintain homeostasis by moving towards food and away from danger.Finally, the last one is living things can adapt to the ever changing environmental conditions, in other lyric they can EVOLVE. Which simply mean we & other living things can change, weather its over a 100 years or a 1,000. Populations of species of organisms change over time over many generations. At time goes on they adapt more and more to the environment. Conclusion time, I listed all the eight characteristics. And they are all important when classifying if something is living or not. tho yet we humans do all those things & plants and animals. We are all living and we need to maintain homeostasis

Redi: Scientific Method and Heather Ramirez Page

1. State a possible hypothesis for Redis examine. -Hypothesis for Redis look into is that maggots come from larva of flies and that the bosoms just now serve as food for the developing insects. 2. Which of the three cushions in Redis experimentation would be considered the subordination and why? -The jar that was left uncovered in the experiment would be considered the control because this jar represented the meat as it would normally be prep be with the maggots attached. 3. Give a brief explanation of Redis experimental procedure. Redi preformed an experiment to prove where maggots came from. He took three jars and put a piece of meat in each jar. Jar 1 was left uncovered, jar 2 was covered with netting (gauze), and jar 3 was sealed from the outside. In jar 1, maggots were found on the meat and there were flies flying or so that had laid eggs on the meat. Jar 2 was found to brook maggots on the netting of the jar, because the flies had begun to lay their eggs. Jar 3 had non developed any maggots on the meat, which proved that living things are non impromptuly generated.Heather Ramirez Page 2 4. Why would the experiments run by Redi, Spallanzani, and Pasteur be considered as a possible basis for a guess? -Redi, Spallanzani, and Pasteur all used similar experiments to prove that living things are not spontaneously generated and through their experiments they were able to support their hypothesis with scientific reasoning. The experiments preformed were considered validated because of the reproducible outcome in each study. 5-6. What were the possible conclusions reached from Spallanzanis experiment?Why were his conclusions not accepted? -After boiling the broths no bacteria was present. Although his experiment was successful, his conclusions were not accepted because he had deprived the sealed flasks of sort by melting their glass necks and it was thought that air was necessary for spontaneous times to occur. The experiment was also contradicti ng because, if the flasks neck became cracked the broth would whence run a rapid product of microorganisms. 7.Why would Aristotles thoughts on spontaneous multiplication be considered nonscientific reasoning? -Aristotle believed that living things arose and always had arisen from lifeless matter. This would be considered nonscientific reasoning because these were just his thoughts and beliefs, not something that was scientifically tested. For something to be classified as scientific reasoning it would require an actual scientific research method, such as an Heather Ramirez Page 3 xperiment to first predict and then test the hypothesis to ultimately come to a conclusion establish on the results from the experiment. 8. How did Pasteur modify Spallanzanis experiment in order to loafer further experimentation on spontaneous generation? -Pasteur used swan-necked flasks which allowed air into the flasks but the route was so convoluted that any particles drifting in from the air wou ld settle out in the folds of the glass before stretchiness the broth. His flasks were open to the air but did not support bacterial growth like Spallanzanis flasks did.This method had rejected the possibility of spontaneous generation because the broth in the swan-necked flasks remained clear which concluded the previous tests done by Spallazani and Needham were not accurate. The normal flasks allowed bacteria to drift into the broth ca employ nebulous bacterial soups and had thickened the rich nutrients due to the bacteria multiplying. 9-10. In tack for experimental results to be accepted, the results must be reproducible. Why did Tyndall have problems reproducing Pasteurs work and how did he solve the problem? Pasteur and others scientist were using diametric types of broths. (Pasteur only used broths made with sugar or yeast extract, and the other scientist were using broths made from hay) As a result, Tyndall found that these different types of broths required different boi ling times to be sterilized. He found that certain microorganisms can exist in heat- Heather Ramirez Page 4 resistant forms, which are called endospores. Once this conflicting data was brought to light Tyndall was able to reproduce Pasteurs experiment and prove him to be correct.

Fools Crow

The tribal status of blanched gays frump, as it were in the beginning of Fools boast, was certainly non as he craved it to be. Due to the position of wealth his father had risen to, it pay heedms the tribe judge much from him. Welch does not go into great detail concerning the views of the tribes people on White humanityitys Dog, but Yellow Kidney describes him on knave 7 as having much heart but ( universe) unlucky1. It is true, organism eight-teen with go forth a wife and having only three horses, n single of which being frustrate horn runners White Mans Dog does in detail appear unlucky.However, Yellow Kidney plays a major role in the transposition of this luck. White Mans Dog has a complete invert in tribal status, earning a wife and horses as well as a new identity with in the tribe. Dreams are a constant quantity theme in Fools jubilate. Many different characters own dreams, and each responds other than to them. During the journey to the Crow Raid, White Mans Do g has a dream about naked women desiring him, but fears danger if he goes. He wants to inform Yellow Kidney of this dream put hesitates due to advice he had receive from his father.In the end this was a costly decision, as the dream comes to realization during the raid, not White Mans Dog, but for Yellow Kidney. Turns-out the demoralise for risk was valid, as Yellow Kidney gets very sick from his encounter with the Crow Women. When news of White Mans Dog feels responsible2 for this outcome. During this same raid, Fast Horse withal has a dream. Fast Horse is prideful and boasts of his dream, which turned out to not come true. Fast Horse was greatly humiliated by this and seemed to perk up his future driven by it. The most consequential dream was had by Mik-api.In this dream, Mik-api spoke to Raven about Wolverine who was trapped, and needed White Mans Dog to help him. This dream did in feature come to realization and resulted in White Mans Dog gaining confidence and his medicine . As a result of White Mans Dog realizing his new inner strength, he was able to place part in war against the Crows. This battle would prove life changing for White Mans Dog as it would be where he earned his new name Fools Crow. His great modesty made word meaning of his new name very difficult. The meaning behind it had been stretched greatly out of its real context.During battle, White Mans Dog played dead, insouciant the Crow Chief, Bull Shield. Beca physical exercise Bull Shield assumed White Mans Dog was indeed dead, it was possible for him to spring up and despatch the chief. This account was, as I said, greatly inflated and reported that, with use of medicine, White Mans Dog was able to fool each(prenominal) the crows, thus earning his new name Fools Crow. As I have guide through all the tales and recounts contained in the many great pieces of Native American Literature, one theme has stood out to me more than anything else.Maybe it is due to my amazement for natur e, but it seems all tribes made great attempts to both explain essential events and create an association of these events with human life. Welch clearly depicts the Blackfoot people as being of this same mind frame. The names and life given to the wind, the sun and diverse animals reports on their own view of the world they live in. The relationship a male Blackfoot has with his animal shows this relationship between humans and nature.This disposition, of a human and nature link, shows the worldview of this tribe clearly as an all-encompassing outlook. They undoubtedly see the world as one big union, everything being linked to one another. The walk I took with White Mans Dog, growing and changing into Fools Crow was an intense one to say the least. James Welch has the uncanny expertness to connect reader to character and I feel as if Fools Crow and I have a bond, as if he and his story have been made alive with in the many nights Ive spent with him.

Positive Psychology – a Well Lived Life

What constitutes a well-lived animateness? delimitate the opineing of brio story and the conditions, traits and features of a well-lived living is a gesture that throughout history engrossed theologians, philosophers, artists and, more recently, constructive psychologists. This essay outlines findings from a selection of the belles-lettres and look for to answer this question with the aim of separateing whether cheer is the true sign and the supreme goal and marker of a well-lived vitality story.This appraise of the literature has yielded findings that possessing a disposition towards gratitude is not only indicated to be set up in a well-lived flavor, but can enhance and improve mental, somatic and spiritual life outcomes. The assorted search models utilize to justify, measure and identify the markers of a well-lived life argon briefly outlined, and fin whollyy push research directions argon indicated to expand understanding about how gratitude affects life comfort outcomes in specific populations.A challenge in researching this topic is that the literature describes cheer and well-lived in name that are used by different researchers inter revisionably and inconsistently. In this essay and in accordance with the literature reviewed, the terms happiness and the well-lived life are used synonymously. Definitions A problem with defining a well-lived life is that the terms upbeat and happiness (Frey, 2011 Kristjansson, 2010), and the good life and happiness (Dunn & Brody, 2008) are used by researchers interchangeably.Indeed Diener (2000) denounces that the very term well-being has come to be known in common usage as happiness. Seligman (2011, pp 420) notes that sometimes the terms happiness and well-being define emotions whilst at other times arouse to activities. This ambiguous terminology has caused some to criticize imperative psychological science but, as both Lazarus (2003) and Kristjansson (2010) point out, precise definitio ns to describe a well-lived life dedicate also eluded philosophers and other academics for over 2,000 years.Imprecision of terminology aside, many spend a penny seek to describe the conditions required to nurture a good or well-lived life. more or little researchers have got described the good life as one effective of the hedonistic pursuit of frequent confident(p) experiences (Lyubomirsky, Sheldon, & Schkade, 2005). Others have described it in terms of the offspring of employing unique geniuss to achieve abundance (Seligman, 2002), whilst still others have argued that the good life involves personal growth (Bauer, McAdams, & Sakaeda, 2005).Seligman (2002) argues that these descriptions are all reasoned because there are different pathmodal values to happiness, although it is by combining them that one lives a full or well-lived life. He describes these path meanss as the pleasant life, concerned with hedonistic pursuits, the good life, concerned with gratification of i ntrust and the meaningful life, using ones talent to serve a advanceder purpose (Seligman & Royzman, 2003). Research Findings And ChallengesEarly studies involved in identifying precisely what elements contribute to life comfort involved theatre research with participant self- describe satisfaction ratings recorded against a range of factors (Diener, 2000 Lazarus, 2003 Lyubomirsky et al. , 2005). Self covered satisfaction ratings are problematic because they are, as renowned by Kristjansson (2010), by their very nature subjective. People in difficult situations can report themselves as living a good life, whereas people who are in happier fate can report themselves as having low life satisfaction.Additionally the factors used to measure life satisfaction are problematic because what some would divvy up critical to a well-lived life whitethorn be anathema to some other (Bauer et al. , 2005) or not supported by the participants culture (Diener, 2000 Peterson, Ruch, Beermann, P ark & Seligman, 2007). pull ahead research is indicated to firstly identify what factors are actually desired in a good life, rather than simply measuring and reporting happiness levels (Kristjansson, 2010). Dieners (2000) and Peterson et al. 2007) findings appear to support Kristjanssons suggestion (2010). Both research studies identified significant cross country differences not only in the rates of life satisfaction but also the factors rated as principal(prenominal) to life satisfaction. The findings appear to indicate that single(a)istic cultures, or those that place high value on individual choice and desires, and amicableist cultures, where the needs of conclave are paramount, prioritise factors contributing to life satisfaction differently (Diener, 2000).By way of example, Diener (2000) notes that participants from collectivist cultures may sacrifice personal desires for the common good, and this is not a normative feature of individualistic cultures. Diener further no tes that sacrifice in collectivist cultures may, in fact, benefit the individual by providing them with the knowledge they are execute their duty. The concept of personal sacrifice as a factor affect life satisfaction does not appear to be studied in the literature reviewed for this essay.Despite the significance of the findings in both studies, the researchers note a limit of their design is that is that they relied upon self-selected participants who were motivated enough to complete the survey (Diener, 2000 Peterson et al. , 2007). This may have resulted in bias. terminations concerning differences in cross cultural jolts upon life satisfaction levels and factors are not unanimous. A contemplate conducted by Linley, Joseph, Harrington and Wood (2006) found no significant difference in life satisfaction ratings or factors amongst participants from different cultures, ages or gender.A terminal point of this research however, as noted by the authors, is that the study only in cluded a small number of countries with participants who could speak and reply in English (Linley et al. , 2006). It may well be that the participants who responded to the survey were Westernised. Linley et al. (2006) indicate that the study should be repeated using a multi-lingual questionnaire so that participants are drawn from a wider sample. The affable Component of a Well Lived keep Examining the literature outlining models related to a well-lived life yields important clues towards determining the ultimate signs of a well lived life.The three pathways model of a full life which includes the pleasant life of hedonistic pursuits, the good life full of desire gratification and the meaningful life (Seligman & Royzman, 2003), has been criticized because the model could be applied to the non ethical, such(prenominal) as drug dealers, as well as those engaged in more ethical activities alike (Kristjansson, 2010). Seligman (2000) noted this as a opening night but argues this is not problematic because perception is not concerned with morality.Morality aside, anti- affectionate activities do not necessarily promote relationships and research indicates that a well lived life does indeed involve actions that promote positive tender relationships (Bauer et al. , 2005 McCullough, Kimeldorf & Cohen, 2008 Peterson et al. , 2007). One way that Kristjansson (2010) suggests that the thorny issue of morality and psychology could be overcome is by applying values to define those behaviours that fall outside of societal norms, although this may result in other issues if these norms are restrictive.Although Kristjansson is not a psychologist, the idea that a well-lived life should involve societal norms does seem to be supported by Diener (2000) who suggests that societal pressures do have some bearing upon individual life satisfaction reporting. Building on the concept that a life satisfaction includes a social component, Bauer et al. (2005) argue that a well lived life includes social experiences and the ability to ascribe those experiences to a positive meaning. They go on to explain that in psychological terms this translates to having a balance between social interactions and having positive feelings about them (Bauer et al. 2005). These findings imply that there is indeed a social element to a life well lived which is supported by further research. Peterson et al. (2007) found that the sociable character traits such as gratitude have brawny effects upon life satisfaction. Indeed Peterson et al. (2007) note that social character traits such as gratitude are more strongly correlated with life satisfaction than the three pathways to happiness (Seligman & Royzman, 2003, pp 153). Gratitude As with a well-lived life, gratitude is not easily be (Wood, Froh & Geraghty, 2010).Although gratitude is variously described as an emotion, a trait and an action, nevertheless the literature indicates that a grateful disposition tends to be positively ass ociated with happiness and a well-lived life (McCullough, Emmons & Tsang, 2002 McCullough et al. , 2008 Wood, Joseph & Maltby, 2008). Typically, gratitude is described as a response that occurs after the pass on of something perceived as positive due to the prosocial actions of another (Emmons & McCullough, 2003).Aware of the limitations of previous field research, Emmons and McCullough (2003) attempted to apply a study design that randomly charge participants to different treatment conditions. They found a difference in mean well being scores across gratitude treatment groups from the comparison group, although less than expected, concluding that gratitude tended to increase psychological, social and spiritual well-being. One of the limitations noted in the study design (Emmons & McCullough, 2003), however, was that the study period was only three weeks hanker which ay not have been long enough to identify changes in responses. This limitation has been commented upon by others ( Lazarus, 2003). Indeed, Lazarus (2003) notes in particular that the lack of longitudinal studies in validatory Psychology studies concerning life satisfaction makes it difficult to identify causation and jumper lead precisely how different circumstances affect individuals, whatever the factors that contribute to a well lived life. Kristjansson (2010) notes that this is not a problem unique to studies of well-lived lives. Wood et al. 2010) noted that the definition of gratitude used in the Emmons and McCullough (2003) study did not include all of the things participants reported gratitude for that did not include a benefactor. He proposed that gratitude includes an eight level hierarchical life orientation including in ascending order noticing and appreciating life could be worse, life is short, the present moment, engaging in ritual acts of gratefulness, admiring beauty, focus on what one has, appreciating other people and reflecting upon what one has to be thankful for (Wood, et al. 2010). Using this expanded definition, Wood, linked gratitude to the Big Five traits, used to in general describe human personality (Watson, Clark, & Harkness, 1994) and that people who are grateful tend to be more agreeable, sociable, less neurotic, conscientious and extroverted. Commenting upon the benefits of gratitude, Lyubomirsky et al. (2005) note that an attitude of gratitude appears to be incompatible with negative life feelings such as greed and envy.They note that appears to encourage individuals to reflect on experiences and social relationships in a positive way. It has also been suggested that gratitude appears to protect individuals from depression (Wood et al. , 2010) and support recovery from injury (Dunn & Brody, 2008). doable Future Research Directions The literature indicates several interesting areas for future research. The first, found on observations by Wood et al. (2010) is that there have been only a few studies studying the direct relationship betwe en gratitude and happiness.Given the lack of longitudinal research to date as noted by Lazarus (2003) and alluded to by Emmons and McCullough (2003), it may well be promising to conduct intra-individual longitudinal research of the impact of gratitude on an individuals perception of happiness when experiencing the normal stressors of fooling living (Lazarus, 2003). It may also be useful to apply a longitudinal study to examine if the things that make one grateful change across cultures, ages and genders (Diener, 2000 Linley et al. , 2006 Peterson et al. 2007) although it would be highly recommended to avoid using self-selected participants in the study. Conclusion Defining a life well-lived and the factors associated with it is a problem that has defied easy description for philosophers and other academics across the ages. Much of the previous research has involved save self-reporting by participants. Given this and the fact that the very nature of happiness and a life well lived is a subjective experience, it has been argued that a propensity for gratitude impacts on an individuals ability to view their lives in a positive way, despite individual circumstances.It has also been argued that an attitude of gratefulness has several natural and mental benefits for the individual, although these studies have not yet examined precisely if the factors that make an individual grateful change across cultures and genders. Further research is indicated in this matter to area, possibly using longitudinal studies to explore how gratitude enables individuals to view adverse circumstances differently over time. References Bauer, J. J. , McAdams, D. P. , & Sakaeda, A. R. (2005). Interpreting the Good Life Growth Memories in the Lives of Mature, Happy People. diary Of disposition And Social Psychology, 88, 203-217. inside10. 1037/0022-3514. 88. 1. 203 Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psycholog ist, 55(1), 34-43. Dunn, D. S. , & Brody, C. (2008). Defining the good life following acquired physical disability. Rehabilitation Psychology, 53(4), 413-425. inside10. 1037/a0013749 Emmons, R. A. , & McCullough, M. E. (2003). enumeration blessings versus burdens An experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 84, 377-389. oi10. 1037/0022-3514. 84. 2. 377 Kristjansson, K. (2010). Positive psychology, happiness, and virtue The troublesome conceptual issues. survey Of General Psychology, 14(4), 296-310. inside10. 1037/a0020781 Lazarus, R S. (2003). The Lazarus Manifesto For Positive Psychology And Psychology In General. Psychological inquiry, 14(2), 173-189. Linley, P. , Joseph, S. , Harrington, S. , & Wood, A. M. (2006). Positive psychology Past, present, and (possible) future. Journal Of Positive Psychology, 1(1), 3-16. doi10. 1080/17439760500372796 Lyubomirsky, S. , Sheldon, K. M. , & Schkade, D. 20 05). Pursuing happiness The architecture of sustainable change. Review Of General Psychology, 9(2), 111-131. doi10. 1037/1089-2680. 9. 2. 111 McCullough, M. E. , Emmons, R. A. , & Tsang, J. (2002). The grateful disposition A conceptual and empirical topography. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 82(1), 112-127. doi10. 1037/0022-3514. 82. 1. 112 McCullough, M. E. , Kimeldorf, M. B. , & Cohen, A. D. (2008). An Adaptation for Altruism The Social Causes, Social Effects, and Social Evolution of Gratitude. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17(4), 281-286.Peterson, C. , Ruch, W. , Beermann, U. , Park, N. , & Seligman, M. P. (2007). Strengths of character, orientations to happiness, and life satisfaction. Journal Of Positive Psychology, 2(3), 149-156. doi10. 1080/17439760701228938 Seligman, M. E. P. , & Royzman, E. (2003). Happiness The three traditional theories. Adapted and edited by Paul Quek. Retrieved from http//pq. 2004. tripod. com/happiness_three_traditional_th eories. pdf Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). Authentic Happiness. Nicholas Brealey Publishing. Retrieved July 27, 2012, from Ebook Library. Watson, D. , Clark, L. A. & Harkness, A. R. (1994). Structures of personality and their relevance to psychopathology. Journal Of Abnormal Psychology, 103(1). 18-31. doi10. 1037/0021-843X. 103. 1. 18 Wood. A. M. , Joseph, S, & Maltby, J. (2008) Gratitude uniquely predicts satisfaction with life Incremental validity to a higher place the domains and facets of the five factor model. Personality and Individual Differences, 45(1), pp 4954 Wood, A. M. , Froh, J. J. , & Geraghty, A. W. A. (2010) Gratitude and well-being A review and theoretical integration. Clinical Psychology Review, 2010, Vol. 30(7), pp. 890-905.

Phantom of the Opera

The specter of the opera house, directed by Joel Schumacher , is an edition of the Broadway tuneful The Phantom of the Opera, music and book by Andrew Llyod Webber. The musical The Phantom of the Opera is based on the novel by Gaston Leroux. The movie stars Gerard pantryman as The Phantom, Emmy Rossum as Christine, and Patrick Wilson as Raoul, in the sinking roles. While observation the movie, you cant military service but notice both of the spectacular sets. Each of the sets matches the prison term full stop perfectly and the details that are put into the sets is beyond mazing.The Phantoms underpass hideout is a great example of an exquisitely detailed set. The lights and the sets roleplay unitedly hand in hand to create an atmosphere of arcanum story and sadness. The lights thread the pre electric era when stage lighting was done with triggerman light. It provided a warm- appearanceing environment. An example of this lighting would also be the Phantoms lair. While he uses an abundance of candles, those candles still create shadows in which he hides his deformity. The costumes and make up in this movie are absolutely phenomenal.They portray the extravagance of the opera house performers utilize bright and colorful make up and huge dresses, to the child the like and softly colored albumin dresses that Christine wears that represents her youthful purity and innocence. Christines lack of writing enhances her look of youthful innocence also. The Phantom, on the other hand, with his stark white masquerade, his dour slicked back hair, and sweeping black cape represents the mystery of the character. The manner of this movie starts with it being well cast, especially the three important roles.The lead actors are realistically portrayed, while the characters taking part in the opera performance are more presentational. The gravelly sound of Gerard Butlers give tongue to conduct s to the tragedy of his character, the Phantom. In the directio n of the movie, Joel Schumacher aids with the maturement of his actors characters. genius thing that stood out for me was when the Phantom leads Christine down to his underground lair, and all shes aspect at is him. She is memorized by the Phantoms mystery and almost starts to fall in extol with him.The overall theme of this movie is love goes deeper than what is shown on the outside. When Christine pulls of the Phantoms mask for the sec time, she finally sees what his deformity is. The fact that she is not disgusted and appall by what she sees shows that she really truly loves him for who he is and not what he looks like underneath the mask. The Phantom of the Opera is by far one of the top hat movies I have honestly ever seen. It has such a fine and decently message that I think everyone can learn something from ceremonial occasion the movie.Phantom of the OperaThe Phantom of the Opera, directed by Joel Schumacher , is an adaptation of the Broadway musical The Phantom of the Opera, music and book by Andrew Llyod Webber. The musical The Phantom of the Opera is based on the novel by Gaston Leroux. The movie stars Gerard Butler as The Phantom, Emmy Rossum as Christine, and Patrick Wilson as Raoul, in the leading roles. While watching the movie, you cant help but notice all of the spectacular sets. Each of the sets matches the time period perfectly and the details that are put into the sets is beyond mazing.The Phantoms underground lair is a great example of an exquisitely detailed set. The lights and the sets work together hand in hand to create an atmosphere of mystery and sadness. The lights depict the pre electric era when stage lighting was done with gas light. It provided a warm-looking environment. An example of this lighting would also be the Phantoms lair. While he uses an abundance of candles, those candles still create shadows in which he hides his deformity. The costumes and make up in this movie are absolutely phenomenal.They portray the e xtravagance of the opera performers using bright and colorful make up and huge dresses, to the simple and lightly colored white dresses that Christine wears that represents her youthful purity and innocence. Christines lack of makeup enhances her look of youthful innocence also. The Phantom, on the other hand, with his stark white mask, his black slicked back hair, and sweeping black cape represents the mystery of the character. The direction of this movie starts with it being well cast, especially the three main roles.The lead actors are realistically portrayed, while the characters taking part in the opera performance are more presentational. The gravelly sound of Gerard Butlers voice add s to the tragedy of his character, the Phantom. In the direction of the movie, Joel Schumacher aids with the development of his actors characters. One thing that stood out for me was when the Phantom leads Christine down to his underground lair, and all shes looking at is him. She is memorized by the Phantoms mystery and almost starts to fall in love with him.The overall theme of this movie is love goes deeper than what is shown on the outside. When Christine pulls of the Phantoms mask for the second time, she finally sees what his deformity is. The fact that she is not disgusted and appalled by what she sees shows that she really truly loves him for who he is and not what he looks like underneath the mask. The Phantom of the Opera is by far one of the best movies I have honestly ever seen. It has such a beautiful and powerful message that I think everyone can learn something from watching the movie.

Mabo Study Guide

Contents claims success. It also examines broader concepts such as colonisation, vote out rights and native title in Australia and internationallyand looks at what happened in the olden and what is happening now. Combining CD-ROMs with a website and online data- base, the project brings together a documental video with hundreds of specially created audio-visual sequences and a wealth of text and images from primary and alternate sources. These teachers notes will help you explore the poten- tial of the materials.They provide summaries, set the resources within an educational framework, explain some uses of the key tools and features, and suggest classroom activities. The materials cross disciplines and stinkpot be used at diametric year levels. The variety of media makes it easier for different students to access the content. Its assumed that youll pick and choose from the vast center of material available, adapting for a year level, the needs of a particular conference of st udents and your school in your part of Australia.Levels and audience Senior secondary, undergraduate and look into at adult levels Key learning areas Aboriginal Studies, Australian Studies, English, endemic Studies, Studies of Society and Environment, History, Legal Studies, Politics, Information Technology, and multimedia across the curriculum entree Background information 2 Features and uses 4 Designing a whole of work 5 Selecting a starting point 6 activeness suggestions 6 Introduction Mabo is the name thats identified with a juristic revolution in Australia. But Mabo was not just a court case Eddie Mabo was a manan obstinate, difficult and passionate human being, who was consumed with preserving the cultivation of a tiny island. Trevor Graham, co-author/director of MaboThe Native Title mutation In 1992, the High Court of Australia put an end to the juristic illustration that Australia was empty before it was occupied by Europeans.It upheld the claim of Eddie Koiki Mab o and his fellow plaintiffs that Murray Islanders were the tralatitious owners of land on the island of Mer in the Torres Strait. MaboThe Native Title Revolution delves into the Mabo legal case and the important issues it raises for Australians and indigenous peoples everywhere. This multimedia resource gives an overview of the case and provides an brainwave into Torres Strait Islander culture and Eddie Mabo himselfboth were crucial to the TEACHERS NOTES 1 take away AUSTRALIA PAGE 1

A Reflection on Chasing Zero Essay

Chasing zipper, I believe, is a documentary that will never all told leave my mind as long as I execute in the field of healthcare. Chasing Zero presents the topic of checkup errors it portrays the disastrous make they can have on their recipients and how they can ruin the lives of the healthcare providers at fault. However, beyond bringing forth awareness about the harm that medical errors can cause, Chasing Zero also presents a goal. This goal is to decrease the gist of medical errors that occur, by such a significant amount, that the resulting number is zero. Zero is non an easy objective, and many people may imagine it is impossible. However, no matter the difficulty, it is the responsibility of every healthcare worker to do his or her part to reduce the general number of medical errors occurring as often as possible.As a nursing scholar, I am oddly glad that I was exposed to the concept of medical errors this early on in my training so I can actively learn my role in preventing them. The documentary reminded me that I am entering a profession where my actions have real and significant consequences. A sloppy or incomplete performance in medicine is unacceptable and I must(prenominal) find the best way to become as competent as possible. I was immediately encouraged to become a better student in the classroom, to work harder and retain necessary cognizeledge that I know may be of great consequence one day. Additionally, since my skills have not yet been fully established, I can take certain measures to get word that bad and perhaps dangerous habits which can lead to errors, do not develop. I further believe that Chasing Zero will reduce errors exactly because it brought awareness of the subject to the public.Now, when people visit a healthcare quickness for any reason, they will understand that the professionals working with them are human, and can thereof make mistakes. Through the documentary, people can learn to be their get advocates an d to question anything that their healthcare provider is doing which is unclear to them. Chasing Zero presented many concepts to think about and a goal that, if worked for, can be achieved, at to the lowest degree on a personal level. As technology advances and awareness increases, this emergence might slowly become easier. Instruments such as bar computer code scanners for drug distribution are constantly being created or improve and new policies are continuouslybeing instituted in hospitals. I am grateful that I had the opportunity to watch Chasing Zero and I apprehend to be a part of the movement that strives, every day, to successfully acquire the concept of medical errors from our lives.

The Canterville Ghost:

The Canterville Ghost is non Just a short story by Oscar Wilde about a haunted hallway with a ghost it is also a comedy and a parody of British aristocracy. In this story, the author makes fun of American pride and love of wealth by having the American Ambassador who buys the mansion say l will take the furniture and the ghost at a valuation. I keep masking come from a modern country, where we have everything that money can buy. Oscar Wildes The Canterville Ghost is a story of a familys relationship with a haunted dwelling house and the ghost who resides there.The novel begins with a warning to the Otis Family, who wants to move into the Canterville Chase house. Mr. Otis ignores the warning and moves his family into the house anyway. They are met with their first problem a blood stain on the carpet. Mrs. Otis is bothered by the stain and asks that it be removed. However, the stain dates back to the late sixteenth-century. The cause of the stain is attributed to the former owner , Sir Simon de Canterville, who killed his wife. Now he resides in the house as a ghost unable to move to the neighboring world.Sir Simon tries to terrify the Otis Family, but they only remnant up tormenting the ghost. He uses many disguises only to be humiliated by the family. By the end of The Canterville Ghost, Wilde brings together the ghost and Virginia, Mr. Otises daughter. She sympathizes with him and accompanies him to the angel of death. At the same time, she learns life lessons that go bad to her own personal enlightenment. Sir Simon, she tells her husband several years later, helped her understand what emotional state is, what Death signifies, and why Love is stronger than both.

Law Assignment for Child Protection

Law move Case Study of Stephanie and Stephen. This essay shall be based on the effrontery that I am a local anaesthetic authority social prole given the case referral of Stephanie and Stephen. The essay shall be focusing on the laws, insurance policy and procedures that lead guide through the estimation process of this case and how these fanny be drop deadoutd to meet the involve of all concerned. The assignment includes discussions on some of the key aspects of frame ca-ca for the assessment of barbarianren in ex deport and their families and The Childrens exploit 1989, in particular section 17, duty to safeguard and I result incorporate anti-oppressive and anti-discriminatory work out.Stephanie and Stephen be under the age of 18, this thusly puts them into the socio-economic class of both(prenominal) of them being classed as tiddlerren. infra the Children act upon 1989 it clearly states that both person under the age of 18 and 16 if married is fore interpretn as a babe. This consequently places a statutory duty on some(prenominal) local authority child social c argon worker to cheer them from every harm and promote their wellbeing. sectionalization 17 (1. ) of the Children exemplify 1989 says that Local Authorities, give birth a command duty to safeguard and promote the upbeat of children within their bea argon in need Subsequent to receiving this referral and performing in agreement to the primary aims of the Government Policy, my role and responsibility is to shuffle reliable that both Stephanie and Stephen are protected from whatsoever harm and that their teaching needs are met accordingly and appropriately. In the cast of this, if I believed that a crime had been committed, I would drive home a duty to report this this instant to the police. discussion section 47 of the Children Act 1989 states that Childrens Social Care Services essential intercommunicate the police whenever they receive a referral, which white thorn constitute a deplorable offence over against a child, even when they have decided that they are transaction with the referral as a sectionalisation 17 (www. Proceduresonline. com) It is my duty to establish if any, the take aim of attempt to Stephanie and Stephen and to use legislation where necessary. The realisation of a high-risk item-by-item provides the mechanism for ensuring that children are protected hile avoiding un needful intervention. (Parton et al. 1997) To try and establish the course of action, I will be guided by the commencer for the appraisal of Children in Need and their Families and Working Together to shield Children to help me in my decision making, planning and if any the intervention that may be required. These are two acts that were issued under Section 7 of the Local Authority Act 1970 which required Social Services to act under there general guidance.This simulation of Assessment will take into discover the development needs of the child, unlike the Children Act 1989 that until the mid 1990s mostly foc employ on the incidents of abuse rather than the development needs of the child. (Department of Health et al. 2000) By use of taking a holistic view to the Assessment Framework, information will be gathered and analysed within three domains of the Assessment Framework namely the childs developmental needs, the sustains subject to respond appropriately to those needs and the wider family and environmental factors.The Framework is overly link closely to Every Child Matters which aims to ensure the well-being of children and unripe raft from birth to 19. This fashion that the Government aim is for every child some(prenominal) their background or circle have the relevant support they need in order to be healthy, stay safe, enjoy and achieve, make a positive contribution and achieve economic well-being (Every Child Matters and Outcomes) It is weighty that all agencies collaborate and work together to carry on in formation.Working Together to Safeguard Children document sets out how all agencies and professionals in the statutory, voluntary and independent sectors should work together to promote childrens welfare and protect them from abuse and drop off requires those agencies to share information. The first point of contact I would make would be with the aim and learning mentor. Under s. 27 (7. 4) of the Children Act 1989 the school is obliged by law to assist me with any additional information that might be of help to this particular case. (www. legislation. It is the school that expressed concern and by playacting upon this they then completed and sent a Common Assessment Framework (CAF) The CAF is a shared assessment and planning framework for use crosswise all childrens services and Local areas in England. It aims to help the early identification of childrens additional needs and promote co-ordinated service provisions to meet them (www. cwdcouncil. org) I may also make enquires to t he police as to whether there has been any reported incidents, especially taking into account that there is issues of substance impose on _or_ oppress and domestic ferocity.When domestic violence is added into the equation it is clear that the children could be at risk of significant harm. Child witnesses of domestic violence greatly impacts upon childrens development causing emotional harm. (Mullander et al 2002 6) Under Section 120 of the Adoption and Children Act 2002 states that Children living in househ gray-haireds where domestic violence is happening are now identified as at risk under the Adoption and Children Act 2002.From 31 January 2005, Section 120 of this act extended the legal definition of harming children to include harm suffered by sightedness or hearing ill treatment of separates. (www. womensaid) Additional information may be gathered from other professional such as the childs General Practiti singler (GP) and dentist. Neglecting to take a child to see the doc tor or dentist can be seen as neglect in some cases. I would also read through old case nones and bawl out to previous social care professionals that were involved with the family when they were accommodated.Section 20 of the Children Act 1989 defines the term accommodated child refers to a child or young person for whom the Local Authority has provided accommodation with parental consent (Children Act 1989) This is something that can be done without the need to apply to court and it is a way of working in partnership with the parents and empowering the parents to be involved in the ongoing plans for their child. This can be reassessed if the parents becomes uncooperative or inconsistent or commitment to the child.In the event of this the need for care proceeding may be required. (Legislation. gov. uk). From the information already received I nonice that both Stephanie and Stephen desire to remain with their parents. The intention of the Children Act 1989 is to keep families tog ether and it should still be that a child is run intod as a last resort. Section 47 (5a) of the Children Act 1989 (inserted by the Children Act 2004) says that we need to take account of the wishes and feeling of the child.It is chief(prenominal) that in the incident that further action is needed I take into account the fact that the children want to remain where they are but I must balance the risk over the choice. Under the Children Act 1989 (6. 1) A decision to remove a child from radical must balance the likely immediate and long-term effects of removing the child against the possible harm if the child is left at situation. This decision should also take into account the need either to secure evidence of shepherds crook offences or arrest suspects (Children Act 1989)My next course of action would be to bid the family groundwork and carry out an sign assessment. If I did not feel the children were at immediate risk, I would get in berth with the parents and arrange a ti me and date for me to visit, however if believed I would be putting the children at risk by doing this, I would consider a unannounced visit. I need to be aware that I will be intervening in the personal lives of Stephanie, Stephen and their parents and my visit may not be welcomed by the family and viewed as a huge invasion and loss of their human rights.Article 8 of the Human redresss Act 1998 it states that (1) everyone has the right for his private and family life, his home and his correspondence. (2) There shall be no interference by a macrocosm authority with the exercise of this right except such as is in accordance with the law and is necessary in a democratic baseball club in the interests of national security, populace safety or the economic well-being of the country, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, or for the protection of the rights and dischargedoms of others (news. bbc. o. uk) They are within their rights to refuse me entry into their home and as a social worker I do not have the power to enforce this. The police would have to be called if I asseverate the children were at immediate risk they would then have the power to remove under Section 46 (6. 7) These are to be used in cases of immediate emergency where the delay of applying for an Emergency protective cover Order would pose significant harm to a child. This Order should not be used where a Local Authority can apply for an Emergency Protection Order and has sufficient time to do so. Children Act 1989) The reason for the initial visit is so I can establish if there are concerns and what action if any would be required next. I would need to talk to all concerned and maybe possible extended family to fully interpret what is happening within this family. It is important to Ascertain the wishes and feelings of child, parents and others relevant to fully acknowledgment the problems experienced. (Brammer, A (2003) p, 128) Throughout this a ssessment it imperative that Stephanie and Stephen remain prevalent and the focus of this investigation. Working with family members is not an end in itself the objective must ever so be to safeguard and promote the welfare of the child. The child therefore must be kept in focus. It requires sensitivity and understanding of their circumstances of families and their particular needs (Framework for Assessing Children in Need and their Families, p. 13, 1. 45) Stephanie and Stephen have rights and it is important that as a social worker I strive to ensure that they are treated as individuals and without discrimination and take full account their wishes, feelings and experiences.By not respecting the children and listening to them because of their age could be seen as discrimination, people are practically know apartd because of age whether this being young or old, as social workers it is important that we apply anti-discriminatory practice at all times and to challenge others who di scriminate against others. Section 12 of the United Nation Convention on the Right of the Child, (UNCRC) states, Children and young people have a right to express a view about things that affect them (United Nations Convention on the Right of the Child)I would not withhold any knowledge that I believed may be upright to Stephanie and Stephen and their parents. The family may require legal advice and may need sign bankers bill to other outside agencies that could offer independent advice and support. By withholding any information I run the fate of the family being oppressed and as a social worker this is something we would not do. A social work practice that does not take account of oppression cannot be seen as good practice no matter how high its standards in other respects. (Thompson, N. 2000) pg11) For children to enjoy and achieve they need to attend school, this will give them the chance to reach their full potential and the opportunity to improve their life chances. It is t he parents responsibility to ensure that Stephanie and Stephen attend school. The law requires parents to make sure their children receive a full-time education suitable to their needs. For most children this means attending school regularly. As a last resort, schools and local government activity have legal powers to deal with poor attendance. (www. direct. gov. uk)Stephanie has also told the school that she and her buddy are often left home alone. The law of the Government in the UK does not have an age limit for leaving children alone. To ensure they are safe, I would need to explore the level of understanding and maturity of both children, the Children and Young Persons Act 1993, parents in England and Wales can be prosecuted for wilful neglect if they leave a child unsupervised in a manner likely to cause unnecessary suffering or harm to health (Children and Young Person Act 1993) The other issues of the provision and home conditions would be explored.It might be that Steph anie likes to cook and this has been her choice, but I would need to ensure this was not something she was being made to do and it is again safe for her to do and are they having a healthy diet. The home conditions will be something I will be taking notice of during the visit. non everyone has the same standards of living and what one person sees as unacceptable is not necessarily the case. Is the home weather proof and free from damp and cold, is it free of hazards, such as syringes left around or illegal substances, is the home clean enough to prevent any infection of any kind.The visit could result in a number of finding and each one is different It could be as simple as I have found no concerns and no further action is needed. (NFA) Section 17 Children Act 1989- Child in Need Section 47 Children Act 1989-Duty to investigate- Section 31 Children Act 1989-Interim Care Order Section 20- Accommodated- Section 44- Emergency Protection Order So as you can see there is no way of sayin g which way a assessment will turn out, every case should be treated individually. In conclusion to this essay, I have discovered the importance of understanding the laws that surrounds child protection.Child protection is very complex and our service will not always be welcomed by service users, but it is hoped that through good practice and guidance of the laws, Framework Assessment and Working Together to safeguard children, we are able to keep families together and only remove children as a last resort. It is however evident that this will not always be the case and children will have to be removed against their wishes and the wishes of their families but as it is important that the child remains the focus and in the centre at all times.I managed to establish the significance of practicing anti-discriminative and anti- oppressive practice whilst promoting the rights of children. Families will no doubt feel powerless within this situation and we must keep on to empower them at a ll times. Social Workers are inclined only to get the bad press, but can they win the vote of the public? Time will tell so for ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++now we are raise if we do and damned if we dont. + .

Radical Reconstruction

I think of that the whole reconstruction era went upright the way it was supposed to. average to think that something so small of a change could have rewritten history for bad or for good. I think that if Lincoln could have carried out his plan then(prenominal) we would live in a completely different world then what we do today. I we have had enforced the laws as hard as we could have then the south could might as well of risen back up for another war. And what if we lost this time?We could might as well be living in a country with segregation and or a communist country if Marshall law was declared. Which means that all industries would be owned by the government. Another scenario would be that we had a country divide into two halves like Korea with slaves crossing the borders to be on the north boldness to be free to pursue a live of there own. With the mind of Radical Reconstruction was to change the ideas and culture of he south to conciliate to the north ideas and ways of living.A main reason we were not as no-hit at the reconstruction was because of the constant disagreeing of the branches in our government at the time, which all the same in the present day and time this still happens way to much. For standard when we could agree on a budget In 2013 and the government had to be shut down for almost 2 weeks before anything happened which was really Just a ploy to get rid of beamer.

Virgin Usa – Pricing Strategy

Marketing pic utter(a) USA Francesco Marani Problem Statement pure(a) peregrine is entering the US liquid grocery store place. Low brand wisdom in USA and limited financial resources for advertisement represents a reserve because to enter successfully in such a market Virgin holds to swiftly attract its potency aim client, in pose to establish a critical mass and financial strength to have got itself from incumbent and/or other potential entrants ( toll-wars, dumping, etc).The profile of target customers, offspring in amidst 15 and 29 years old with piteous credit credentials and high income / expense elasticity (sensitivity to changes in terms and income), is in conflict with the need to retain customers for a minimum stay of 17 months as currently in the market ($ 370 / 52-30 = 17), in golf-club to breakeven recovering the Cost per Acquisition (certified public accountant). Situation Analysis Competition the unstable Industry in USA there atomic number 18 6 national carriers, as healthful as other small regional providers.The market is overcrowded, mature, highly competitive and concent lay outd (3 largest carriers covering about 59% of the market face 1) requiring large capital economic consumption (CAPEX). High labor rate contribute to create uncertainty on the profitability of clients biticularly because the carriers are perceived as utility providers rather than service providers. Advertisement expenditure by market leaders is high in club to beget unsatisfied customers. Customer Market Most of the new subscribers of mobile go (117 Mln in 2001) opt for a contractual agreement with mobile carriers, which implies wear the bulk of customers are locked into an agreement and potentially dissatisfied. Carriers raise m stary with undercover fees, taxes and unexpected charge (calls during peak time and in excess of periodic allowance). Customer confusion, dissatisfaction and homogenous offer could be some of the reason fag end the significant churn rate. We can stick out that a significant accumulate of the remaining subscribers (13 Mln) are mainly concentrated within the younger part of the population, in m any(prenominal) instance unable to sign up for a contract given their lower credit credentials.Virgin aims at attracting 1 Mln of subscriber on the first year and is partnering with MTV, specialized magazines and selected stylish stores consistently with its target customers. Company Virgin Value Preposition The Virgin brand in other European market is associated to measure out for m one and only(a)y, innovation, a hip and trendy image, and also ability to shake industry convention and status-quo. Virgin is readying to enter the USA market aggressively, where it has al close to no brand recognition, guidance on understanding and meeting customer call for rather than operational the physical infrastructure (MVNO coming).By nerve-racking to differentiate its offer and value preposition fr om the flat and boring offer of established carrier Virgin is trying to change the concept and the perception of such service. Final goal would be reducing dissatisfaction and hence the churn rate, potentially increase the average expenditure per customers by in other delight services. Context Virgin target customers are the youth between 15 and 29 years old, with slight(prenominal) stable economic and consumer behavior, but a high attitude to spend. On a comparative basis, penetration rate is expected to growth the most on Virgins target customer.Additionally revenues generated by entertainment services are expected to grow exponentially (annual growth in a higher place snow%) creating an special revenue stream. Alternatives Clone the industry termss Adopting the same price structure available in the market seems to be a scheme consistent with the need of a simple communication, while differentiation get out be based on transparency, attention to customer needs and super erogatory services. Such price replicating system can be difficulty defendable in the long term.The owners of the meshwork infrastructure, which in some instances is also a provider of mobile services, could easily cross-subsidize their mobile business and skip its CPA to compete aggressively with Virgin, neutralizing its strategy given their superior rental network cost advantage. Any price war is likely to create an straightaway change in customer preferences, in particular Virgins target customer (15- 29 years) is likely to be strongly bear upon given their traditional high sensitivity to prices change (price elasticity typically high).Price below the Competition The option to adopt a quasi-similar determine structure, with an exception for the bucket of consumption in between 100 and three hundred proceedings, has the same pros and cons of the one in front mentioned, in addition to increase the chance of triggering an aggressive competitive reaction by incumbent (price wars). Both the above options fail to address three significant aspects ? The high churn rate, which is one of the main problems in the service industry, is not addressed by any of the mentioned strategy. The limited advertisement budget may fail to create an match and convey rapidly a clear message to any potential customers. ? The post-paid contract may be difficult to implement exploitation the intend distribution channel. Lower sales commission could also implies less prepared sales representatives, which may fail to properly complete paperwork link to credit checks. Recommendations Virgin should adopt a brand new approach entering the mobile market to quickly capture the favor of dysphoric customers, as well as people unable to sign a contract given their low credit credentials.No contracts (pre-paid solo), no privy fees & taxes, an aggressive price strategy within the 100 three hundred proceeding of consumption as a monthly allowance, with no difference between peak and off-peak charges. The average cost per minute in the industry is at the moment around 12 cents ($ 52 average bill per month / 417 min). By analyzing different possible scenario, including different retention rates and rebates in line with the market (Exhibit 2), Virgin can produce a dictatorial Lifetime Value (LTV) offering a tiered price structure, by charging 0. 19cents for monthly usage below 100 minutes, 0. cents in between 100 and 200 minutes, or 0. 06cents between 200 and 300. This solution has been obtained by result the LTV formula, leaving the price as an incognita, and assuming a 6% churn rate, a rebate from client of the mobile cost at $30 (using similar proportion of rebate as other competitors), ? PROs difficult to be replicated by competitors in the market in the short term. It best suits the need of youth people unable to pass credit checks, as well as teenagers and parents needs because it naturally limit their maximum spending in advance.LTV positive since the beginning and CPA at $160 (refer to the next share for further consideration on the CPA). Virgin can further reduce the cost per minute charges if we increase the upfront cost billed to customer for the phone (Exhibit 3), in case competitors start competing aggressively. ? CONs pre-paid are typically associated with higher churn rate, which can result in a net vent for the carriers before having recovered the CPA. Pre-paid customer in some instances use the mobile phone less than traditional users.An appropriate (easy to reach and cheap) infrastructure needs to be in place to recharge the phone. Implementation Plan Price an aggressive tiered price strategy, with price decreasing at increase consumption simple to communicate and sensitively lower than competitors (Exhibit 4). Any minutes in excess of 300 minutes can be charged at the same cost per minute applied for the 200 300 minutes of monthly consumption. No difference between peak and off-peak charges. slim no contract, no hidden fees and taxes.Every user go away be charged only an upfront cost for the phone, which in an aggressive scenario is mystify at $30, (i. e. half of the minimum amount currently charged by other carriers Exhibit 5). Communication Virgin is entering the USA mobile market using selected affiliated partner (MTV, selected magazine, etc) consistent with its target customers. The planned advertisement investment is $60 Mln, lower than competitors, but significant for a new entrant. If we consider such t investment as a cost, the total CPA is around $160 (Exhibit 2).Nevertheless, from a financial office we should consider the $60 million initial investment as the only CAPEX required, which need to be remunerated by taking into account the participation and market risk. If we assume a 16% rate of return on the CAPEX we would reduce the CPA at 109. 6 (Exhibit 6), close to the condition to make the present plan viable according to Morgan Stanley research. Success implementation of the strategy require Virgin entering and impacting its target customer swiftly, in order to build a critical mass and financial strength before being able to face any price-wars. Breakeven currently the industry break-even is 17months. If we assume average consumption around 417 minutes per month, we can see that the breakeven will be significantly lower, and around 5 month. In the present slowness we have neither considered any extra revenues generated by VirginXtras, nor a decrement in the churn rate as a likely significance of the improved customer satisfaction. Reducing the churn rate is probably one of the most important objectives in the mobile industry sectors, also because gives additional space for price reduction as demonstrated (Exhibit 2, 3, 6).Exhibit 1 pic Exhibit 2 pic * Assuming 1 Mln of customers. $60 Mln /1 Mln customers = $ 60 per customer Exhibit 3 Intermediate price reduction pic Maximum Rebate pic * Assuming 1 Mln of customers. $60 Mln /1 Mln customers = $ 60 per customer Exhibit 4 Price Advantage against Market Average Prices pic *Mkt Adv = Market price per minute Virgin price per minute. Exhibit 5 pic Exhibit 6 pic * Considering the investment on advertisement as a capital expenditure, with a 16% annual rate of return. ($60 Mln /1 Mln customer x 0. 16 = $ 9. 6